How Thermal Cameras Work

Thermal cameras use microbolometer sensors that detect long-wave infrared (LWIR, 8-14μm) radiation emitted by all objects. Unlike visible cameras, they work in complete darkness, through light smoke, and detect temperature differences. Uncooled microbolometers are standard for drones; cooled sensors (MWIR) are military-grade.

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Resolution & Detection Range

160x120: hobby/SAR at short range. 320x256: professional inspection. 640x512: standard for industrial/security. 1280x1024: premium long-range. Detection range for a person: ~100m per 160 pixels of resolution. Recognition requires 2x, identification 4x the pixels.

NETD Sensitivity

NETD (Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference) measures the smallest detectable temperature difference. <50mK is professional grade; <30mK is premium. For electrical inspection (detecting loose connections at 0.5°C difference), <50mK is essential. For SAR, higher NETD is acceptable.

Radiometric vs Non-Radiometric

Radiometric cameras store temperature values for every pixel, enabling quantitative analysis (hotspot temperature, ΔT between phases). Essential for electrical/mechanical/solar inspection reports. Non-radiometric cameras display thermal imagery but cannot measure temperatures — sufficient for SAR and surveillance.

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